مؤسسات مملوكة للدولة
مشاريع مملوكة من قبل الدولة (بالإنجليزية: state-owned enterprise (SOE)) أو التي تسمى بعدة تسميات بالإنجليزية، والتي تعني الشركات التي تمولها الحكومة أو السلطات العامة بشكل كلي أو بنصف النسبة المقدرة ب51%.
هذه المقالة بحاجة لمراجعة خبير مختص في مجالها. يرجى من المختصين في مجالها مراجعتها وتطويرها. (أبريل 2019)
إن موضوع هذه المقالة أو هذا القسم يحتاج إلى أمثلة وتاريخ لمثل تلك المشاريع في المنطقة العربية تحديدا. طالع التفاصيل في صفحة النقاش ساهم بإضافة أجزاء أو إعادة كتابة أجزاءٍ منها لتحتوي على أمثلة وتاريخ لمثل تلك المشاريع في المنطقة العربية تحديدا
تحتوي هذه المقالة ترجمة آلية، يجب تدقيقها وتحسينها أو إزالتها لأنها تخالف سياسات ويكيبيديا.(نقاش) (ديسمبر 2016)القطاع الاقتصادي
غالبا ما ينطبق على عمل هذه الشركات الاحتكار التلقائي أو الطبيعي وتقع ضمن اهداف الحكومة الاستراتيجية. التأميم ايضا يساعد على نشؤ الشركات المملوكة للحكومة مثل قناة السويس في مصر
بلجيكا
- National Railway Company of Belgium
- Infrabel
- RTBF
- Bpost
- Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie
- Belgacom (53.3%)
- Belgischer Rundfunk
- Fluxys (2.1%)
- SFPI-FPIM
- Elia System Operator (5.37%)
- Ethias (25%)
- Belfius (100%)
- Brussels Airport (25%)
الملخص
| Postal | Railways | الصيدلة | Gambling | Alcohol | الرعاية الصحية | الجامعات | الهواتف | Broadcasting | النفط والغاز | الطاقة | الماء | الطيرات | الطرق | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الأرجنتين | mix (Correo Argentino) | Yes (Administración de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias) | mix (LIFSE) | yes (Lotería Nacional) | mix (INV) | mix | mix (public universities) | no | mix (TV Pública Digital, LRA Radio Nacional, Télam) | yes (YPF) | mix (Enarsa, CNEA) | mix | mix (EZE, CRD, BHI, etc.) | mix |
| أستراليا | Yes (Australia Post) monopoly on postal delivery of letters to 250g | mix (Australian Rail Track Corporation; varies by State) | mix (PBS funding only; no retail competition) | mix (varies by State) | no | mix (Medicare) | mix | mix (NBN Co wholesale only; no retail competition) | mix (ABC, SBS) | no | mix (varies by State) | mix (varies by State) | mix (varies by State) | mix (varies by State) |
| بلجيكا | Yes (Bpost) | yes (NMBS/SNCB) | no | mix (Nationale Loterij/Lotterie Nationale) | no | mix | mix | mix (Belgacom) | mix (VRT, RTBF, BRF) | no | mix | mix | yes | |
| البرازيل | Yes (Correios) | mix (pt:VALEC, pt:CBTU, Trensurb) | no | yes (Caixa Econômica Federal) | mix (إيثانول only) | mix (SUS) | mix (public universities) | mix (Telebras) | mix (Agência Brasil) | mix (بتروبراز) | mix (Eletrobras) | mix (varies by State) | mix (Infraero) | no |
| كندا | Yes (Canada Post) | mix (فيا رايل كندا), passenger rail; freight is private. | no | varies by province | varies by province (LCBO, SAQ, SLGA) | yes (Medicare) | 95% publicly governed charitable trusts (public universities) | varies by province (Sasktel) | mix (CBC) | private enterprise favored | varies by province (Hydro-Québec, BC Hydro, Hydro One, Manitoba Hydro, Nalcor, SaskPower) | varies by province | publicly governed by local authority in trust; see above | Except 407 ETR |
| تشيلي | Yes |
yes (EFE) | no | mix | no | yes (FONASA) |
mix (public universities) |
no | mix (TVN) |
yes (ENAP) | no | no | mix |
mix |
| كولومبيا | Yes (4-72) | no | no | mix (Etesa) [lower-alpha 1] | varies by department | Nueva EPS | mix (جامعة كولومبيا الوطنية), plus various local ones | mix (Telefónica Telecom) (Empresas Públicas de Medellín) | mix (Radio Televisión Nacional de Colombia) | mix (Ecopetrol) | (ISA Emgesa) | mix | ||
| Czech Republic | Yes (Česká pošta) | yes (České dráhy) | no | no | no | yes (VZP) | mix | no | mix (Česká televize, Český rozhlas) | no | majority-held ČEZ Group | |||
| Denmark | Yes (Post Danmark) | mix (Banedanmark, DSB) | no | yes (Danske Spil) | no | mix | mix (قائمة الجامعات في الدنمارك; vast majority of all universities) | mix | mix (DR) | mix (Energinet.dk) | mix (DONG Energy) | municipalities | mix (Københavns Lufthavne) | yes (Helsingørmotorvejen) |
| فنلندا | De facto (Itella) | de facto (VR) | no | yes (Veikkaus, RAY, Fintoto) | yes (Alko) | mix (بلديات فنلندا) | mix (All universities are state owned, few private ammattikorkeakoulu/yrkeshögskola, which is variously translated as polytechnic or as a University of Applied Sciences) | mix (تلياسونيرا) | mix (YLE) | de facto (Neste) | mix (Fortum) | yes (municipal) | yes (Finavia) | mix (Destia) |
| فرنسا | Yes (La Poste) |
yes (SNCF) | no | mix |
no | mix (CMU) | mix (EPSCP) | mix (أورنج) | mix (تلفزيون فرنسا) | no | mix (كهرباء فرنسا, CEA) | mix | mix | mix |
| ألمانيا | Mix |
mix (DB) | no | no | no | mix (BG) | mix | mix (DTAG) | mix (ARD, ZDF, Deutschlandradio) | no | mix (Stadtwerke Köln) | mix | yes (دولة) | yes (by federal and state governments) |
| اليونان | De facto (ELTA) |
de facto (OSE, TrainOSE) | no | mix (OPAP) |
no | mix (ESY) | mix (All institutions titled as Universities are state owned whereas there are numerous private colleges) | mix (OTE) | mix (NERIT) | mix (ELPE) | mix (DEI) | mix | ||
| Iceland | De facto (Íslandspóstur) | no railways in Iceland | no | no gambling in Iceland | yes (ÁTVR) | mix | mix | no | mix (RÚV) | no oil industry in Iceland | mix (Landsvirkjun) | |||
| India | Yes (India Post) | yes (سكك الحديد الهندية) | mix (IDPL) | no | mix, varies by state (BEVCO, TASMAC) | mix | mix | mix (BSNL) | mix (محطة تلفزيون دوردارشان, إذاعة كل الهند) | mix (ONGC), مؤسسة النفط الهندي | yes | mix | mix (Airports Authority of India) | mix |
| Indonesia | Yes (Pos Indonesia) | de facto (PT Kereta Api) | mix (Kimia Farma, etc.) | no | no | mix | mix (public universities) | mix (Telkom Indonesia) | mix (TVRI and RRI) | mix (Pertamina and PGN) | yes (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) | mix | mix (Angkasa Pura) | mix (Jasa Marga) |
| Republic of Ireland | Yes (An Post) | yes (Iarnród Éireann) | no | mix National Lottery, (Prize Bond, HRI, BnaC) | no | mix (Health Service Executive) | mix | no | mix (RTE, Teilifís na Gaeilge) | mix (Ervia) | mix (ESB, BMN), | mix (Irish Water) | mix (Dublin Airport Authority, etc.) | de facto (National Roads Authority) |
| Israel | Yes (Do'ar Yisrael) | de facto (خطوط السكك الحديدية الإسرائيلية) | no | yes (Mifal HaPayis) | yes | mix | yes | mix | mix (IBA, IETV, صوت إسرائيل etc.) | mix (Oil Refineries) | mix (IEC) | de facto (Mekorot) | yes (IAA) | mix (Netivei Israel) |
| Italy | De facto (Poste italiane) | mix (FS) | no | yes (AAMS) | no | mix (SSN) | mix | no | mix (RAI) | mix (Eni) | mix (Enel) | mix | mix (AOT, REG, ALL etc.) | mix (ANAS) |
| Japan | Mix |
mix (JR) | no | yes (JRA etc.) | no | mix (NHI) | mix | mix (NTT) | mix (NHK) | no | no | yes | mix (NRT, مطار طوكيو هانيدا الدولي, ITM, etc.) | |
| Republic of Korea | De facto |
de facto |
no | yes (Kangwon Land Inc.) | no | de facto (NHIS) |
mix | de facto |
mix |
de facto |
de facto (KEPCO) |
de facto (K-WATER) |
yes |
mix |
| Malaysia | Yes (Pos Malaysia) | de facto (KTMB, SSR, Prasarana) | mix | no | no | mix | mix (التعليم في ماليزيا) | mix (Telekom Malaysia) | mix (RTM) | yes (Petronas) | mix (Tenaga Nasional, Sarawak Energy) | mix | mix (Malaysia Airports) | de facto (Malaysian Federal Roads System, Malaysian State Roads system) |
| Mexico | Mix (Servicio Postal Mexicano) | mix (Ferrocarril Transistmico) | mix (e.g. in public hospitals) | no | no | mix (Mexican Social Security Institute, Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers) | mix (الجامعة الوطنية المستقلة في المكسيك, National Polytechnic Institute and state universities among others) | no | mix (Once TV México, Notimex, XEIMT-TV) | yes (Pemex) | yes (electricity: CFE) | mix (varies by state/municipality) |
mix (Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares, مطار بينيتو خواريز الدولي) | mix (Caminos y Puentes Federales) |
| Netherlands | No | mix (Nederlandse Spoorwegen),[lower-alpha 2] passenger rail. Freight is private | no | yes |
no | mix | mix(Dutch universities) except Nyenrode Business University | no | mix (Netherlands Public Broadcasting) | no | no | yes | ||
| New Zealand | Yes (NZ Post) | yes (KiwiRail) | no | yes (New Zealand Lottery Commission) | no | mix (District health boards) | yes | no | mix (TVNZ) | no | mix (Genesis Energy, Meridian Energy, Mighty River Power, Solid Energy, Transpower New Zealand Limited) | yes | mix | yes (State Highway network) |
| Norway | Yes (Posten Norge) | yes (NSB) | no | yes (Norsk Tipping) | yes (Vinmonopolet) | yes, via state monopoly | mix | mix (تيلينور) | mix (NRK) | mix (ستات أويل, Petoro) | yes (Statkraft, and various municipally owned companies) | mix | mix (Avinor) | |
| Peru | Yes (Serpost) | no | no | no | no | mix (EsSalud) | yes (local ones, including (جامعة سان ماركوس الوطنية) | no | yes (TV Peru) | yes (Petroperú) | mix | yes (only in local water supply and sewage services, including Sedapal) | ||
| Philippines | Yes (PhilPost) | yes (PNR) | no | yes (PAGCOR) | no | yes | yes (UP) | no | mix (PTV) | mix (PNOC) | mix (NAPOCOR) | mix | ||
| Portugal | no | mix (Comboios de Portugal) | no | no | no | mix | mix | no | mix (Rádio e Televisão de Portugal) | no | no | mix (Águas de Portugal) | no | mix |
| Russia | Yes (Russian Post) | de facto (Russian Railways) | no | mix (Gosloto, etc.) | no | mix (Mandatory Medical Insurance) | mix | mix (Rostelecom, TransTelekom) | mix (VGTRK, 1TV, TVC, Public Television, Zvezda, RT, صوت روسيا via monopolies Russian Satellite Communications Company and RTRS) | mix (Rosneft, Gazprom Neft via monopoly Transneft) | mix (Inter RAO, Rosenergoatom, RusHydro, غازبروم via monopoly Russian Grids) | mix | mix | de facto (federal highways, Rosavtodor, Avtodor) |
| Singapore | Yes (SingPost) | mix (SMRT) | mix | yes (Singapore Pools) | mix | mix (SingHealth) | mix (NUS, NTU, SIT, SUTD) | yes (SingTel) | yes (MediaCorp) | yes (SNOC) | mix (Temasek) | mix (PUB) | yes | yes |
| Spain | Yes (Correos) | mix (FEVE, Renfe Operadora, Adif) | no | mix (Loterías y Apuestas del Estado) | no | mix (Spanish National Health System) | mix (public universities) | mix | mix (EFE, RTVE) | mix (Enagas) | mix (Red Electrica de España) | mix | mix (Aena) | mix |
| Sweden | De facto (Posten AB) | de facto (SJ, Green Cargo) | mix (أبوتكت) | yes (Svenska Spel) | yes (Systembolaget) | mix | mix (All state-owned except 3 universities Chalmers University of Technology (owned by government,faculty,student union run as a private entity), Stockholm School of Economics (22% from state funds) and Jönköping University Foundation | mix (تلياسونيرا) | mix (SVT) | no | de facto (Vattenfall, Svenska Kraftnät) | mix | mix (Swedavia) | yes (Svevia) |
| Switzerland | Yes (Swiss Post) | yes (SBB/CFF/FFS) | mix (نوفارتس, هوفمان-لا روش etc.) | no | no | mix | mix | mix (سويسكوم) | mix (SRG SSR) | no | mix | mix | mix | |
| Thailand | Yes (Post) | yes (State Rail) | yes (GPO) | yes (State Lotto) | Alcohol Permit | mix (MOPH) | mix (public universities) | mix (Telecom) | mix (MCOT) | mix (PTT) | yes (EGAT) | yes | yes | |
| Turkey | Yes (PTT) | yes (TCDD) | no | yes (Millî Piyango İdaresi) | no | mix | mix (state universities) | no | mix (TRT) | mix (TPAO) | mix | mix (State Hydraulic Works) | mix | |
| United Arab Emirates | Yes (Emirates Post) | no | mix | no | Liquor permit | mix (GCC, ضمان (شركة تأمين صحي في الامارات)) | mix | yes (TRA) | yes (DMI) | mix (ENOC, شركة بترول أبوظبي الوطنية, etc.) | mix (TAQA) | yes | mix | |
| Ukraine | Yes (Ukrposhta) | Yes (Ukrainian Railways) | no | yes | no | mix | mix | no | mix | mix | yes | yes | mix | yes |
| United Kingdom | Mix (Royal Mail, Post Office Ltd) | mix (Northern Ireland Railways, East Coast) (Network Rail)[lower-alpha 3] |
no | mix (Premium Bond) | no | mix (NHS) | mix (publicly funded universities) | no | mix (BBC, Channel Four, S4C) | no | no | Mix |
mix | |
| United States | Yes (USPS) | mix (أمتراك), passenger rail; freight is private | no | mix (State Lotteries) | varies by state (ABC store states) | mix (Medicare, Medicaid, Military Health System) | mix (U.S. military service academies, public universities) | no | mix (CPB, BBG, VOA) | no | mix (TVA) | mix | mix | mix (U.S. Routes, the Interstate) |
| Uruguay | Yes (Correo Uruguayo) | yes (AFE) | no | mix (Casinos del Estado) | no | mix | mix (UdelaR) | mix (ANTEL) | mix (SODRE) | mix (ANCAP) | mix (UTE) | yes (OSE) | mix | |
| Venezuela | Yes (Ipostel) | yes (IFE) | mix | mix | mix | mix (Mission Barrio Adentro) | mix (SCV, ULA), UIV, etc. | yes (CANTV) | mix (TVes, ANTV, VTV) | yes (PDVSA) | mix (CVG) | yes | ||
| Vietnam | Yes (VNPT) | yes (Vietnam Railways) | mix | no gambling in Vietnam | yes | mix | mix (public universities) | mix (VNPT, Viettel) | de facto (VTV, VTC, Voice of Vietnam) | yes (Petrovietnam, Petrolimex) | yes (EVN) | mix | yes (Airports Corporation) | |
| Postal | Railways | Pharmacy | Gambling | Alcohol | Health care | Universities | Telephone | Broadcasting | Oil & Gas | Energy | Water | Airports | Highways |
- Etesa is a company wholly owned by the Colombian government and holds the exclusive right to gambling activities.
- Nederlandse Spoorwegen is a company wholly owned by the هولنديون government.
- Network Rail is a private company whose debts are guaranteed by the حكومة المملكة المتحدة, which has caused controversy over whether it is state owned or not.
مراجع
في كومنز صور وملفات عن: مؤسسات مملوكة للدولة
بوابة الاقتصاد
بوابة السياسة
بوابة القانون
بوابة شركات
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