قائمة أنواع النابنط
هذه قائمة أنواع نبات النابنط (الجرة) وهي تشمل جميع الأنواع المعروفة من هذا الجنس النباتي الآكل للحوم. وهو يتضمن 166 من الأنواع المعترف بها ونوعين 2 غير مؤكدين و 3 nothospecies. وتغطي أيضا ثلاثة أنواع من الممكن أن تكون قد انقرضت.
This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the نبات لاحم جنس (تصنيف) نابنط. It includes 166 recognised نيونتولوجي species, 2 أصنوفة غير موصوفة, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible انقراض species are also covered.
The official الاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة حالة حفظ of each species is taken from the latest edition of the القائمة الحمراء للأنواع المهددة بالانقراض.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from ستيوارت ماكفيرسون's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.
All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of أرخبيلs such as the الفلبين, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.
Authorities are presented in the form of a standard اقتباسات المؤلف , using abbreviations specified by the المؤشر الدولي لأسماء النباتات.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier اسم سابق (علوم) date of publication if one exists.
الأنواع الموجودة
Incompletely diagnosed taxa
The following أصنوفة غير موصوفة are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.[46]
Taxon | Image | Distribution | Altitudinal distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[80] | الفلبين (بالاوان)[80] | 1200–1400 m[80] | |
Nepenthes sp. Misool | جزر راجا أمبات (جزيرة ميسول) | 0–30 m |
Nothospecies
ماثيو جب and مارتن تشيك recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as تهجين (أحياء)s rather than as species.[2][18][24][25] Of the three, N. × kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species.[24][81] These populations are reportedly true breeding.[24] Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. × kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.[82]
Nothospecies | Parent species | Authority | Year | Image | Distribution | Altitudinal distribution | IUCN conservation status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nepenthes × hookeriana | N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana | Hort.Veitch ex ماكسويل تيلدن ماسترز | 1881 | بورنيو, شبه الجزيرة الماليزية, سنغافورة, سومطرة[34] | 0–450 m[8] | غير مهدد[20] | |
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis | N. rajah × N. villosa | Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata | 1984 | بورنيو[34] | 2420–3030 m[34] | أنواع مهددة بالانقراض[20] | |
Nepenthes × trichocarpa | N. ampullaria × N. gracilis | فردريش أنطون ميكيل | 1858 | بورنيو, شبه الجزيرة الماليزية, سنغافورة, سومطرة,[34] تايلاند[72] | 0–800 m[24] | غير مهدد[20] |
Extinct species
مستحاثة حبوب اللقاح of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.[83][84][85] The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.[83]
Species | Authority | Year | Location | Age |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nepenthes echinatus | (Hunger) Krutzsch | 1985 | أوروبا | عصر باليوسيني |
Nepenthes echinosporus | (R.Potonié) Krutzsch | 1985 | أوروبا | عصر باليوسيني |
Nepenthes major | (Krutzsch) Krutzsch | 1985 | أوروبا | عصر باليوسيني |
Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.[86][87]
Pollen from the جزر كيرغولين originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.[88]
طالع أيضاً
- List of Nepenthes species by distribution
- قائمة الأنواع الهجينة الطبيعية من النابنط
Notes
- Under the narrow circumscription of مارتن تشيك & ماثيو جب (2013), نابنط جناحي is restricted to northern لوزون, with the more southerly plants previously referred to this species actually representing N. graciliflora, N. negros, and N. ramos.[7] This N. alata قائمة العبارات اللاتينية has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m and above.[7]
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1200 m for نابنط أبيض الحواف.[8]
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from Mount Periok in بروناي at c. 1600 m.[8]
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780–1880 m for N. boschiana,[24] while تشارلز كلارك (1997) gives a range of 900–1880 m.[25]
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae,[24] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100–2300 m.[8]
- Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.[8][24][25]
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata.[24] The species has reportedly been collected from Bukit Raya at 2000–2270 m.[8][31]
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.[8]
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150–1500 m for نابنط أشعر,[8] while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.[42]
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii,[24] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900–3400 m.[8]
- The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources[51] is apparently incorrect.[2][52]
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.[8]
- Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.[8]
- The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m[65] and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos[6]) has been recorded at ح. 1400 m.[33]
- Rybka, Rybková & Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200–1800 m for N. sibuyanensis,[69] while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500–1800 m.[70]
- Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding N. stenophylla at 400 m.[42]
- Nepenthes surigaoensis may grow as high as 1750 m ("5750 feet" in the original) according to the describing author, أدولف دانيال إلمر.[75]
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.[24]
- Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.[24]
- The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on جوجل إيرث for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.[77]
- Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300–3240 m, but is more common at 1600–1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon.[2] Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.[8]
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