سمو (فلسفة)

تُعزى أول دراسة معروفة للسمو إلى أطروحة لونجينوس: (Peri Hupsous/Hypsous) أو عن السمو (On the Sublime) ويُعتقَد أنه قد تم تأليفها في القرن الأول بعد الميلاد بالرغم من أن أصلها ومؤلفها غير مؤكدين. وفقًا للونجينوس، السمو هو صفة تصف عظمة، أو رفعة، أو رقيّ الفكر أو العقل، وخاصةً في سياق الـبلاغة. وهكذا، يوحي السمو بالهيبة والوقار، والتمتع بقدرات إقناعية كبيرة. تتميز أطروحة لونجينوس بالإشارة، ليس فقط إلى كُتَّاب يونانيين مثل هوميروس (Homer)، بل أيضًا إلى مصادر خاصة بالكتاب المقدس مثل تكوين.

وقد أُعيد اكتشاف هذه الأطروحة في القرن السادس عشر، ويُنسب عادةً تأثيرها اللاحق على علم الجماليات إلى قيام نيكولا بوالو (Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux) بترجمتها إلى الفرنسية في 1674. وقام بترجمتها إلى الإنجليزية لاحقًا كلٌ من جون بولتني (John Pultney) في 1680، وليونارد ولستد (Leonard Welsted) في 1712، وويليام سميث في 1739، والذي نُشِر له الإصدار الخامس من ترجمته في 1800.

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• Friedrich Schiller, On the Sublime

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